#################################
How to extend Page & Title models
#################################

You can extend the :class:`cms.models.Page` and :class:`cms.models.Title` models with your own fields (e.g. adding an
icon for every page) by using the extension models: ``cms.extensions.PageExtension`` and
``cms.extensions.TitleExtension``, respectively.


************************
Title vs Page extensions
************************

The difference between a **page extension** and a **title extension** is related to the difference
between the :class:`cms.models.Page` and :class:`cms.models.Title` models.

* ``PageExtension``: use to add fields that should have **the same values** for the different language versions of a
  page - for example, an icon.
* ``TitleExtension``: use to add fields that should have **language-specific values** for different language versions
  of a page - for example, keywords.


***************************
Implement a basic extension
***************************

Three basic steps are required:

* add the extension *model*
* add the extension *admin*
* add a toolbar menu item for the extension


Page model extension example
============================

The model
---------

To add a field to the Page model, create a class that inherits from ``cms.extensions.PageExtension``. Your class should
live in one of your applications' ``models.py`` (or module).

.. note::

    Since ``PageExtension`` (and ``TitleExtension``) inherit from ``django.db.models.Model``, you
    are free to add any field you want but make sure you don't use a unique constraint on any of
    your added fields because uniqueness prevents the copy mechanism of the extension from working
    correctly. This means that you can't use one-to-one relations on the extension model.

Finally, you'll need to register the model using ``extension_pool``.

Here's a simple example which adds an ``icon`` field to the page::

    from django.db import models
    from cms.extensions import PageExtension
    from cms.extensions.extension_pool import extension_pool


    class IconExtension(PageExtension):
        image = models.ImageField(upload_to='icons')


    extension_pool.register(IconExtension)

Of course, you will need to make and run a migration for this new model.


The admin
---------

To make your extension editable, you must first create an admin class that
sub-classes ``cms.extensions.PageExtensionAdmin``. This admin handles page
permissions.

.. note::

    If you want to use your own admin class, make sure to exclude the live versions of the
    extensions by using ``filter(extended_page__publisher_is_draft=True)`` on the queryset.

Continuing with the example model above, here's a simple corresponding
``PageExtensionAdmin`` class::

    from django.contrib import admin
    from cms.extensions import PageExtensionAdmin

    from .models import IconExtension


    class IconExtensionAdmin(PageExtensionAdmin):
        pass

    admin.site.register(IconExtension, IconExtensionAdmin)


Since PageExtensionAdmin inherits from ``ModelAdmin``, you'll be able to use the
normal set of Django ``ModelAdmin`` properties appropriate to your
needs.

.. note::

    Note that the field that holds the relationship between the extension and a
    CMS Page is non-editable, so it does not appear directly in the Page admin views. This may be
    addressed in a future update, but in the meantime the toolbar provides access to it.


The toolbar item
----------------

You'll also want to make your model editable from the cms toolbar in order to
associate each instance of the extension model with a page.

To add toolbar items for your extension create a file named ``cms_toolbars.py``
in one of your apps, and add the relevant menu entries for the extension on each page.

Here's a simple version for our example. This example adds a node to the existing *Page* menu, called *Page icon*. When
selected, it will open a modal dialog in which the *Page icon* field can be edited.

::

    from cms.toolbar_pool import toolbar_pool
    from cms.extensions.toolbar import ExtensionToolbar
    from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
    from .models import IconExtension


    @toolbar_pool.register
    class IconExtensionToolbar(ExtensionToolbar):
        # defines the model for the current toolbar
        model = IconExtension

        def populate(self):
            # setup the extension toolbar with permissions and sanity checks
            current_page_menu = self._setup_extension_toolbar()

            # if it's all ok
            if current_page_menu:
                # retrieves the instance of the current extension (if any) and the toolbar item URL
                page_extension, url = self.get_page_extension_admin()
                if url:
                    # adds a toolbar item in position 0 (at the top of the menu)
                    current_page_menu.add_modal_item(_('Page Icon'), url=url,
                        disabled=not self.toolbar.edit_mode_active, position=0)


Title model extension example
=============================

In this example, we'll create a ``Rating`` extension field, that can be applied to each ``Title``, in other words, to
each language version of each ``Page``.

..  note::

    Please refer to the more detailed discussion above of the Page model extension example, and in particular to the
    special **notes**.


The model
---------

::

    from django.db import models
    from cms.extensions import TitleExtension
    from cms.extensions.extension_pool import extension_pool


    class RatingExtension(TitleExtension):
        rating = models.IntegerField()


    extension_pool.register(RatingExtension)


The admin
---------

::

    from django.contrib import admin
    from cms.extensions import TitleExtensionAdmin
    from .models import RatingExtension


    class RatingExtensionAdmin(TitleExtensionAdmin):
        pass


    admin.site.register(RatingExtension, RatingExtensionAdmin)


The toolbar item
----------------

In this example, we need to loop over the titles for the page, and populate the menu with those.

::

    from cms.toolbar_pool import toolbar_pool
    from cms.extensions.toolbar import ExtensionToolbar
    from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
    from .models import RatingExtension
    from cms.utils import get_language_list  # needed to get the page's languages
    @toolbar_pool.register
    class RatingExtensionToolbar(ExtensionToolbar):
        # defines the model for the current toolbar
        model = RatingExtension

        def populate(self):
            # setup the extension toolbar with permissions and sanity checks
            current_page_menu = self._setup_extension_toolbar()

            # if it's all ok
            if current_page_menu and self.toolbar.edit_mode_active:
                # create a sub menu labelled "Ratings" at position 1 in the menu
                sub_menu = self._get_sub_menu(
                    current_page_menu, 'submenu_label', 'Ratings', position=1
                    )

                # retrieves the instances of the current title extension (if any)
                # and the toolbar item URL
                urls = self.get_title_extension_admin()

                # we now also need to get the titleset (i.e. different language titles)
                # for this page
                page = self._get_page()
                titleset = page.title_set.filter(language__in=get_language_list(page.site_id))

                # create a 3-tuple of (title_extension, url, title)
                nodes = [(title_extension, url, title.title) for (
                    (title_extension, url), title) in zip(urls, titleset)
                    ]

                # cycle through the list of nodes
                for title_extension, url, title in nodes:

                    # adds toolbar items
                    sub_menu.add_modal_item(
                        'Rate %s' % title, url=url, disabled=not self.toolbar.edit_mode_active
                        )



****************
Using extensions
****************

In templates
============

To access a page extension in page templates you can simply access the
appropriate related_name field that is now available on the Page object.


Page extensions
---------------

As per the normal related_name naming mechanism, the appropriate field to
access is the same as your ``PageExtension`` model name, but lowercased. Assuming
your Page Extension model class is ``IconExtension``, the relationship to the
page extension model will be available on ``page.iconextension``. From there
you can access the extra fields you defined in your extension, so you can use
something like::

    {% load staticfiles %}

    {# rest of template omitted ... #}

    {% if request.current_page.iconextension %}
        <img src="{% static request.current_page.iconextension.image.url %}">
    {% endif %}

where ``request.current_page`` is the normal way to access the current page
that is rendering the template.

It is important to remember that unless the operator has already assigned a
page extension to every page, a page may not have the ``iconextension``
relationship available, hence the use of the ``{% if ... %}...{% endif %}``
above.


Title extensions
----------------

In order to retrieve a title extension within a template, get the ``Title`` object using
``request.current_page.get_title_obj``. Using the example above, we could use::

    {{ request.current_page.get_title_obj.ratingextension.rating }}


With menus
==========

Like most other Page attributes, extensions are not represented in the menu ``NavigationNodes``,
and therefore menu templates will not have access to them by default.

In order to make the extension accessible, you'll need to create a :ref:`menu modifier
<integration_modifiers>` (see the example provided) that does this.

Each page extension instance has a one-to-one relationship with its page. Get the extension by
using the reverse relation, along the lines of ``extension = page.yourextensionlowercased``, and
place this attribute of ``page`` on the node - as (for example) ``node.extension``.

In the menu template the icon extension we created above would therefore be available as
``child.extension.icon``.


Handling relations
==================

If your ``PageExtension`` or ``TitleExtension`` includes a ForeignKey *from* another
model or includes a ManyToManyField, you should also override the method
``copy_relations(self, oldinstance, language)`` so that these fields are
copied appropriately when the CMS makes a copy of your extension to support
versioning, etc.


Here's an example that uses a ``ManyToManyField`` ::

    from django.db import models
    from cms.extensions import PageExtension
    from cms.extensions.extension_pool import extension_pool


    class MyPageExtension(PageExtension):

        page_categories = models.ManyToManyField(Category, blank=True)

        def copy_relations(self, oldinstance, language):
            for page_category in oldinstance.page_categories.all():
                page_category.pk = None
                page_category.mypageextension = self
                page_category.save()

    extension_pool.register(MyPageExtension)



********************
Complete toolbar API
********************

The example above uses the :ref:`simplified_extension_toolbar`.

.. _complete_toolbar_api:

If you need complete control over the layout of your extension toolbar items you can still use the
low-level API to edit the toolbar according to your needs::

    from cms.api import get_page_draft
    from cms.toolbar_pool import toolbar_pool
    from cms.toolbar_base import CMSToolbar
    from cms.utils import get_cms_setting
    from cms.utils.page_permissions import user_can_change_page
    from django.urls import reverse, NoReverseMatch
    from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _
    from .models import IconExtension


    @toolbar_pool.register
    class IconExtensionToolbar(CMSToolbar):
        def populate(self):
            # always use draft if we have a page
            self.page = get_page_draft(self.request.current_page)

            if not self.page:
                # Nothing to do
                return

            if user_can_change_page(user=self.request.user, page=self.page):
                try:
                    icon_extension = IconExtension.objects.get(extended_object_id=self.page.id)
                except IconExtension.DoesNotExist:
                    icon_extension = None
                try:
                    if icon_extension:
                        url = reverse('admin:myapp_iconextension_change', args=(icon_extension.pk,))
                    else:
                        url = reverse('admin:myapp_iconextension_add') + '?extended_object=%s' % self.page.pk
                except NoReverseMatch:
                    # not in urls
                    pass
                else:
                    not_edit_mode = not self.toolbar.edit_mode_active
                    current_page_menu = self.toolbar.get_or_create_menu('page')
                    current_page_menu.add_modal_item(_('Page Icon'), url=url, disabled=not_edit_mode)


Now when the operator invokes "Edit this page..." from the toolbar, there will
be an additional menu item ``Page Icon ...`` (in this case), which can be used
to open a modal dialog where the operator can affect the new ``icon`` field.

Note that when the extension is saved, the corresponding page is marked as
having unpublished changes. To see the new extension values publish the page.


.. _simplified_extension_toolbar:

Simplified Toolbar API
======================

The simplified Toolbar API works by deriving your toolbar class from ``ExtensionToolbar``
which provides the following API:

* ``ExtensionToolbar.get_page_extension_admin()``: for page extensions, retrieves the correct admin
  URL for the related toolbar item; returns the extension instance (or ``None`` if none exists) and
  the admin URL for the toolbar item
* ``ExtensionToolbar.get_title_extension_admin()``: for title extensions, retrieves the correct
  admin URL for the related toolbar item; returns a list of the extension instances (or ``None`` if
  none exists) and the admin URLs for each title of the current page